The Marshall Plan in Spain — Late Aid with Strings Attached
Spain was excluded from the Marshall Plan for its Francoist regime. When US aid finally arrived in 1953, it came at the price of military bases.
Spain
The Plunder of Spanish Art — Systematic Looting of Cultural Heritage Under Pressure
From Napoleonic looting to the Mendizábal confiscations: how Spain lost thousands of artworks to foreign powers. A systematic cultural plunder.
The Disaster of Annual (1921) — 13,000 Dead and the Strategic Humiliation of Spain
Analysis of the Disaster of Annual, the worst defeat of the modern Spanish army. Was it incompetence or a designed humiliation to weaken Spain?
The Division of Power After Franco’s Death — The Pact of Forgetting and Recycled Elites
How Francoist elites recycled themselves as democrats, the crimes of the regime were forgotten, and a Transition that never looked back was secured.
The Assassination of Carrero Blanco — The Death of Franco’s Heir That Changed the Transition
On December 20, 1973, ETA killed Carrero Blanco with anti-tank mines. Was it a covert CIA operation to clear the path for Juan Carlos?
The Toxic Oil Syndrome — Spain’s Deadliest Mass Poisoning in Peacetime
Over 20,000 affected, more than 1,000 dead. Spain’s 1981 toxic oil syndrome was the worst mass poisoning in the country’s history. Negligence, fraud, or something more?
Spain’s Nuclear Plan — How the Country’s Energy Independence Was Truncated
Spain had uranium, its own nuclear technology and 7 planned plants. Why was the program that could have made it energy independent abandoned?
Franco and Kissinger — How the US Managed the Spanish Transition
How Henry Kissinger and the United States orchestrated the Spanish Transition to secure their military bases and prevent Spain from falling into non-Western hands.
The Last Spanish Pope — How the Northern Powers Eliminated Spanish Vatican Influence
How France, Italy and other powers prevented Spain from ever having another Pope after Alexander VI, despite being the world’s foremost Catholic power.
The Dismantling of the Spanish Empire — How Power Stripped Spain of Its Colonies One by One
How England, the United States and other powers dismantled the Spanish Empire through debt, warfare, propaganda and geopolitical manipulation, colony by colony.